The Faculty of Bioscience (FoB) was established in October 2020 following the approval of the report of the Committee for restructuring of Faculties and Schools by the Governing Council of the University for Development Studies. The Faculty is made up of six departments and a centre. The Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries Sciences of the Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, and the Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Biology of the then Faculty of Agriculture were carved out to establish this new Faculty. In addition, four new departments and a centre were created, namely the Department of Biochemistry, Department of Forensic Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, Department of Microbiology, and the West African Centre of Excellence for Inland Fisheries and Aquaculture (WACIFA).

The Faculty envisions being a Centre of Excellence in the creation and dissemination of knowledge related to biological sciences for societal needs. The mission of the Faculty is to expand knowledge through the provision of tertiary education in the areas of aquaculture, fisheries, biochemistry, molecular biology, microbiology, biotechnology, zoology, plant sciences, and forensic sciences to churn out graduates who are worthy in character and apt in scientific processes for national development.